Write a first draft

Your first draft will help you work out:

  • the structure and framework of your essay
  • how you will answer the question
  • which evidence and examples you will use
  • how your argument will be logically structured.

Your first draft will not be your final essay; think of it as raw material you will refine through editing and redrafting. Once you have a draft, you can work on writing well.

Structure

Structure your essay in the most effective way to communicate your ideas and answer the question.

All essays should include the following structure.

1. Introduction

The introduction moves from general to specific. This is where you:

  • open with a short orientation (introduce the topic area(s) with a general, broad opening sentence (or two);
  • answer the question with a thesis statement; and
  • provide a summary or 'road map' of your essay (keep it brief, but mention all the main ideas).

2. Body

The body of your essay consists of paragraphs. Each is a building block in the construction of your argument. The body is where you:

  • answer the question by developing a discussion.
  • show your knowledge and grasp of material you have read.
  • offer exposition and evidence to develop your argument.
  • use relevant examples and authoritative quotes.

If your question has more than one part, structure the body into sections that deal with each part of the question.

Conclusion

The conclusion moves from specific to general. It should:

  • restate your answer to the question;
  • re-summaries the main points and;
  • include a final, broad statement (about possible implications, future directions for research, to qualify the conclusion etc).

However, NEVER introduce new information or ideas in the conclusion - its purpose is to round-off your essay by summing up.

Essay paragraphs

A paragraph is a related group of sentences that develops one main idea. Each paragraph in the body of the essay should contain:

  • a topic sentence that states the main or controlling idea
  • supporting sentences to explain and develop the point you’re making
  • evidence from your reading or an example from the subject area that supports your point
  • analysis of the implication/significance/impact of the evidence finished off with a critical conclusion you have drawn from the evidence
  • a concluding sentence that restates your point, analyses the evidence, or acts as a transition to the next paragraph.

More about Paraphrasing, summarising and quoting

Tips for effective writing

  • Start writing early —the earlier the better. Starting cuts down on anxiety, beats procrastination, and gives you time to develop your ideas.
  • Keep the essay question in mind. Don’t lose track of the question or task. Keep a copy in front of you as you draft, edit and work out your argument.
  • Don’t try to write an essay from beginning to end, especially not in a single sitting. Begin with what you are ready to write—a plan, a few sentences or bullet points. Start with the body and work paragraph by paragraph.
  • Write the introduction and conclusion after the body. Once you know what your essay is about, then write the introduction and conclusion.
  • Use 'signpost' words in your writing. Transition signals can help the reader follow the order and flow of your ideas.
  • Integrate your evidence carefully. Introduce quotations and paraphrases with introductory phrases.
  • Revise your first draft extensively. Make sure the entire essay flows and that the paragraphs are in a logical order.
  • Put the essay aside for a few days. This allows you to consider your essay and edit it with a fresh eye.

 More about Introducing quotations and paraphrases and Transition signals

See next

Referencing your essay

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