The pages outlines examples of how to cite broadcast materials and communication sources using the Harvard referencing method.

Audio

In-text citations

Cite the CD title and year:

(Australia through time  1994)

References

The bibliographic details are the same as those required for films, videos, DVDs, television and radio programs:

  • title (in italics)
  • year of recording
  • format
  • publisher
  • place of recording.

Australia through time 1994, CD-ROM, Random ROM in assoc. with the ABC, Sydney.

Film, television, radio

A film, video, and television or radio program:

In-text citations

Include the full title and date of production:

(My Brilliant Career, 1979)

(Four Corners 9 July 2001)

References

Include information in the following order:

  • title (if part of an ongoing series, list the episode title first, then the series name)
  • year of recording
  • format
  • publisher/distributor
  • place of recording
  • date of recording (if applicable).

My Brilliant Career, 1979, motion picture, New South Wales Film Corporation, distributed by Australian Video, Australia. 

Going backwards: Four Corners 2001, television program, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Sydney, 9 July.

Online videos

In-text citations

In the Overlander's (2007) short film...

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1919) is a German expressionist classic from the silent era...

References

The Overlander 2007, Overlander.tv: Aboriginal tent embassy, Canberra, online video, accessed 31 July 2007, <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abMlHjO2nh4>.

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, 1919, online video, accessed 20 June 2011, <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecowq77Y3C0>.

Podcasts

In-text citations

(Lingua Franca 2007)

When referring to the speaker:

Jill Kitson (Lingua Franca 2007) reported that ...

References

List a podcast as you would a radio program. Include information in the following order:

  • name of the podcast (in italics)
  • year
  • format (podcast)
  • publisher
  • date of podcast (day, month)
  • accessed day month year
  • the URL (between pointed brackets).

Lingua Franca 2007, podcast radio programme, ABC Radio National, 28 April, accessed 25 May 2007, <http://abc.net.au/rn/podcast/feeds/lin.xml>.

See next

How to cite online images and tables

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